Population of Indian States (2024)

India, with its vast diversity and population of over 1.4 billion people, is home to 28 states and 8 Union Territories, each contributing to the nation's demographic fabric. Understanding the population distribution across these states offers insight into cultural, economic, and social dynamics that shape the country. Below is a comprehensive look at Indian states ranked by population.

Population of Union Territories, India

Check Top 10 Indian States by Population

India is a vast and diverse country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion people. Each Indian state and union territory contributes uniquely to this enormous number, with population densities varying widely across regions.

1. Uttar Pradesh – The Most Populous State

Uttar Pradesh, located in northern India, holds the title of the most populous state in the country. With over 240 million people, it accounts for approximately 16% of India’s total population. Cities like Lucknow, Kanpur, and Varanasi are key urban centers that contribute to the state’s high population density.

2. Maharashtra – Economic Powerhouse

Maharashtra ranks second in terms of population, with a staggering 125 million residents. Home to Mumbai, the financial capital of India, Maharashtra is a hub of economic activity, entertainment, and culture. 

3. Bihar – Rapid Population Growth

Bihar, with over 125 million people, closely follows Maharashtra in population. Known for its ancient history and cultural significance, Bihar has a predominantly rural population. Its capital, Patna, is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. 

4. West Bengal – A Cultural Giant

West Bengal, located in the eastern part of India, has a population of around 100 million. Kolkata, its capital, is a vibrant cultural and commercial hub. West Bengal is known for its rich literary and artistic heritage, as well as its historical role in the Indian independence movement.

5. Madhya Pradesh – The Heart of India

Madhya Pradesh, often referred to as the "Heart of India," is home to about 85 million people. Known for its scenic landscapes, wildlife sanctuaries, and ancient monuments, the state boasts a balanced mix of rural and urban population. Cities like Bhopal and Indore are key urban centers contributing to the state’s growing population.

6. Tamil Nadu – Dravidian Cultural Hub

Tamil Nadu, located in southern India, has a population of over 78 million. The state is known for its rich Dravidian culture, classical arts, and ancient temples. Chennai, the capital, is a major industrial and educational hub, attracting people from across the country. Tamil Nadu also has a strong industrial base, contributing to its steady population growth.

7. Rajasthan – The Desert State

Rajasthan, famous for its desert landscapes and historical forts, has a population of 81 million. While much of the state is arid, cities like Jaipur and Jodhpur are bustling with life. Rajasthan is known for its vibrant culture, traditional attire, and royal heritage. Despite its large population, Rajasthan has a relatively low population density due to its vast desert regions.

8. Karnataka – Silicon Valley of India

Karnataka has a population of over 70 million people and is home to the tech city of Bengaluru, often referred to as the "Silicon Valley of India." Karnataka is a leading state in the information technology sector and also boasts a rich history, with cities like Mysuru and Hampi attracting tourists worldwide.

9. Gujarat – Land of Entrepreneurs

Gujarat, known for its entrepreneurial spirit, is home to over 63 million people. The state has a diverse population that includes urban areas like Ahmedabad and Surat, both of which are key industrial and economic centers. Gujarat is known for its rapid industrialization and its strong presence in the trade and manufacturing sectors.

10. Andhra Pradesh – Coastal Diversity

Andhra Pradesh, with a population of 53 million, boasts a rich coastal landscape. It is known for its agricultural productivity, especially in rice and spice cultivation. Cities like Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada are rapidly growing urban centers contributing to the state’s demographic expansion.

India's Population Dynamics Key Insights:

• Uttar Pradesh: As the most populous state, Uttar Pradesh holds a population exceeding 241 million, making it larger than many countries worldwide. Its sheer size significantly impacts India's political and economic landscape.

• Maharashtra and Bihar: Both states closely follow Uttar Pradesh, with Maharashtra known for its economic powerhouse Mumbai, while Bihar's high population density continues to pose development challenges.

• Southern States: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh show steady population growth, with urban centers like Bengaluru and Chennai acting as major hubs for technology and commerce.

• High Population Density: States like West Bengal and Kerala showcase high population densities, which influence infrastructure, housing, and urban planning efforts.

• Smaller States: While states like Sikkim and Mizoram have smaller populations, they often have unique cultural and ecological significance, contributing to India’s diversity.

In conclusion, India's population is diverse and dynamic, with each state contributing to the nation's demographic mosaic. From the dense urban centers of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh to the vast deserts of Rajasthan and the coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh, the population distribution across Indian states highlights the country’s unique geographic and cultural diversity. Understanding these numbers provides valuable insights into India’s past, present, and future as a global powerhouse.